Common tests for colitis include X-rays of the colon, testing the stool for blood and pus, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. Additional tests include stool cultures and blood tests, including blood chemistry tests. A high erythrocryte sedimentation rate ESR — a measure of how long it takes for red blood cells to settle in a blood sample — is typical of acute colitis. The route of treatment depends on what is causing colitis.
Many cases require little more than symptomatic care, including clear fluids to rest the bowel and medications to control pain. Patients who have become acutely ill often need intravenous fluids and other intervention. If a hole forms, a large amount of bacteria can spill into the abdomen and cause infection. Fulminant colitis: This includes the damage of the thickness of the intestinal wall.
The normal contractions of the intestinal wall stop temporarily. Eventually, the colon loses muscle tone and begins to expand. X-rays of the abdomen can show trapped gas inside the paralyzed sections of the intestine. This amounts to around , people. The condition can develop at any age, but is most often diagnosed in people aged from 15 to 25 years old. It's more common in white people of European descent, especially those descended from Ashkenazi Jewish communities, and black people.
The condition is rarer in people from Asian backgrounds, although the reasons for this are unclear. Treatment for ulcerative colitis aims to relieve symptoms during a flare-up and prevent symptoms from returning maintaining remission. Mild to moderate flare-ups can usually be treated at home.
But more severe flare-ups need to be treated in hospital. If medicines are not effective at controlling your symptoms or your quality of life is significantly affected by your condition, surgery to remove your colon may be an option.
During surgery, your small intestine will either be diverted out of an opening in your abdomen an ileostomy or be used to create an internal pouch that's connected to your anus called an ileoanal pouch. Also, some of the medications used to treat ulcerative colitis can cause weakening of the bones osteoporosis as a side effect. Inflammatory bowel disease IBD is a term mainly used to describe 2 conditions that cause inflammation of the gut gastrointestinal tract.
Taking fluids and other nutrition intravenously may be necessary during this time. Your doctor may prescribe various medications to help manage colitis symptoms.
These may medications include:. Surgery for colitis could include removing part or all of your colon or rectum.
These surgeries could include:. The only definitive way to prevent a colitis flare-up is to have surgery. While every person may experience diarrhea and abdominal cramps from time to time, speak with a doctor if you have diarrhea that does not seem to be related to an infection, fever, or any known contaminated foods. In all cases, early detection is critical to recovery. Early detection may help prevent other serious complications.
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About 40, children in the United States live with ulcerative colitis.
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