A later study , however, came to a different conclusion. The study found that women who took mg daily of EPO for six weeks experienced less frequent, less severe, and shorter hot flashes. Women also had improved marks for social activity, relations with others, and sexuality on a questionnaire on how hot flashes impact daily life. More research is needed. According to a study , those taking EPO had a slightly higher systolic blood pressure.
Heart disease kills more than , people in the United States each year. Hundreds of thousands more are living with the condition. Some people are turning to natural remedies, such as EPO, to help.
According to a study on rats, EPO is anti-inflammatory and helps reduce blood cholesterol. Use with caution if you take other medications that affect the heart. Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of diabetes and other conditions. Older research has shown that taking linolenic acid helps reduce neuropathy symptoms, such as:.
Bone pain is often caused by rheumatoid arthritis , a chronic inflammatory disorder. According to a systematic review , the GLA in EPO has the potential to reduce rheumatoid arthritis pain without causing unwanted side effects.
EPO is generally considered safe for most people to use short term. When choosing EPO, research the supplement as well as the company selling the product. If you take blood thinners, EPO may increase bleeding. Topical EPO is often used to help prepare the cervix for delivery. Therefore, these patients should not use the oil. Other drugs that thin the blood may also be a problem taken alongside the oil, including clopidogrel and aspirin. People with epilepsy or other seizure disorder should avoid taking evening primrose oil as it may increase the chances of having a seizure.
Also, people with schizophrenia treated with certain drugs may be at risk of seizure, so medical advice should be sought. Evening primrose oil should not be taken within 2 weeks of going for a general anesthetic because of the increased seizure risk. Evening primrose oil products are available for purchase in health stores and online.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is an uncommon condition that affects people during their menstrual cycle and can cause symptoms such as irritability…. While it is natural to experience hormonal imbalances at certain times in life, such as puberty, menopause, and pregnancy, some hormonal changes are…. Despite its popularity, cannabidiol CBD is controversial. Here, learn about the safety and potential benefits of using CBD to ease menopause…. What are the uses of primrose oil?
Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph. Email: info nccih. ODS seeks to strengthen knowledge and understanding of dietary supplements by evaluating scientific information, supporting research, sharing research results, and educating the public. Email: ods nih. This publication is not copyrighted and is in the public domain. Duplication is encouraged.
NCCIH has provided this material for your information. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your health care provider s. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. Evening Primrose Oil. Common Names: evening primrose oil, EPO. Latin Names: Oenothera biennis. Evening primrose is a plant native to North and South America that also grows throughout Europe and parts of Asia.
Among them:. Evening primrose oil can interact with a significant number of medications, either reducing the drug's efficacy or triggering side effects. Advise your healthcare provider if you are taking evening primrose oil—or any supplement—to avoid drug interactions and potentially serious side effects. Since it is a dietary supplement, there are no universal guidelines directing the appropriate use of evening primrose oil.
Generally speaking, a daily dose of milligrams is considered safe in adults, although many can tolerate up to 1, milligrams a day without any side effects. Due to the lack of research, evening primrose should not be administered to children without first consulting a healthcare professional.
Evening primrose oil is available in many health food stores or pharmacies and is typically sold in gel cap form. Bottled primrose oil is also available but is more difficult to accurately dose. Dietary supplements like evening primrose oil are not required to undergo the rigorous testing that pharmaceutical drugs do.
Instead, the U. Food and Drug Administration imposes certain standards regarding the manufacture and labeling of the supplement. Even so, there is often considerable variation in the quality of supplements like evening primrose oil. To ensure quality and safety, only buy supplements certified by an independent body, such as the U. If you are strictly vegan or vegetarian, only choose brands labeled "vegetarian-safe" or "vegetarian soft gels. How long does evening primrose oil last?
Evening primrose oil contains a high proportion of unsaturated fats, which are susceptible to oxidative deterioration. Because of this, the concentration of seed oil content, including GLA, tends to drop after three to four months even with refrigeration. To extend the shelf life of the oil, keep it in its original container typically blue to prevent sun exposure and store it in the refrigerator. Although primrose oil can keep for up to six months in the refrigerator, for greatest efficacy, buy only as much as you can use within three months.
How can you tell if primrose oil has gone bad? Any product rich in unsaturated oil can go rancid, including bottled primrose oil and primrose oil gel caps.
Because primrose oil only has a faint scent, it can often be difficult to tell if it has gone bad. It may darken or smell funny, but not always. As such, you should always play it safe and discard any supplement after its use-by date. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. National Toxicology Program. Evening Primrose Oil Oenothera biennis L.
Published November Mahboubi M. Evening primrose oil in management of female ailments. J Menopausal Med.
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