Manlius Vulso in BC. His invasion, and the war against Antiochus, led by Scipio Africanus and his brother Gnaeus, was wildly successful and Roman influence spread deeply into the east. The Galatians soon fell under the sway of the great Roman enemy, Mithridates.
In the early to mid 1st century BC, the Celts were under the thumb of Pontus, but remained surprisingly loyal to Rome. During the campaigns of both Sulla, and later Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, the Celts proved formidable allies in the cause. With Pompey's victory, the Galatians were organized as a client state in 64 BC. Despite the existence and apparent recognition of Celtic custom by Pompey, the 3 tribe system was soon uprooted by the efforts of one chief, Deiotarus.
The Romans, however, were soon occupied with their own internal political turmoil, the war in Gaul under Caesar, and the civil war that followed. The Galatians, despite their political and government shift remained mostly quiet, and the Romans formally recognized Deiotarus as the Galatian King. This political situation remained in effect until after the victory of Octavian in the second civil war, and his ascension as Augustus.
From that point on, Galatia remained a provincial backwater, with little economic exploitation or political dissent of any kind. The Galatians remained loyal to the empire throughout its history. Combine a one-year tablet and print subscription to BAR with membership in the BAS Library to start your journey into the ancient past today!
Learn More. Who Were the Galatians in the Bible? Total 10 1 37 6. Tags: Ankara apostle paul bible history church of pergamum city of pergamum galatians new testament Gaul Jesus New Testament Pamphylia paul letter to the galatians perga turkey. Related Posts. By: Biblical Archaeology Society Staff. By: Nathan Steinmeyer. Write a Reply or Comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Recent Blog Posts. Nov 10 Rethinking the Early Philistine Threat.
More Bible History Daily Posts. Must-Read Free eBooks. More Free eBooks. Want more Bible history? Sign up to receive our email newsletter and never miss an update. Enter email address. All Access Pass. Galatia by Davina C. Scholars tend to see this text as authentically Pauline, primarily due to its rhetorical tone and style.
Moreover, its emphasis on conversion and conflict has made it a convenient conversation partner for reformations large and small. Galatia was in the highlands of central Anatolia in what is now known as Turkey. At some point, Galatia extended to the Black Sea in the north and to the Mediterranean Sea in the south.
It was bounded by Bithynia and Paphlagonia on the north, by Pontus and Cappadocia on the east, by Cilicia and Lycaonia on the south, and by Phrygia on the west. This provincial arrangement was established after the land was annexed by Augustus following the death of Mark Antony in ca.
Galatia was known as one of the most enthusiastically loyal eastern provinces to Rome. This province was named, in a nod to its population history, for the Thracian Gauls who invaded Macedonia in the third century BCE, migrating and settling the land.
Regardless of such descriptions, the Galatians appear to have been a relatively important people in the ancient Mediterranean, allies and foes in the most critical territorial battles in Asia Minor and elsewhere. More broadly, the Gauls are celebrated as mythological and historical ancestors of European cultures and religions.
Various interpretive details such as the assumed linguistic capabilities of various ethnic groups, the rhetorical elements of the letter, and alignment or non-alignment with external data, namely, the Acts of the Apostles, are used to support both sides of this debate. Thus, how one enters this conversation, and in turn reads Galatians, will depend on several methodological considerations, including how one engages ethnic reasoning and stereotyping, how one appraises ancient cultural interaction and cosmopolitanism , how one sees the historical reliability of Acts, and how one understands Pauline chronology and Roman geography.
Did you know…? In his Antiquities of the Jews 1. Ancient Greeks may have used the term Galatia to refer to the area in Anatolia that was settled by three different Celtic tribes who had migrated south and east: the Tectosages, Tolistobogii, and Trocmii. The Romans maintained that the Galatians practiced human sacrifice.
In particular, they claimed that the Galatians decapitated their enemies and ritually displayed their severed heads on wooden posts. The earliest complete version of this letter dates to the CE, more than a century and a half after Paul supposedly wrote it.
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